I take it at 15 minutes. I don't make any adjustments then, it's almost too late. I just note it for the next time so I can make adjustments for the next batch.
You want mash pH, not water pH. Take the reading as soon after you add the grains as you can because conversion starts immediately and may be done before you would think.
Mash pH is literally a moving target. I take it right after mash-in and again every 15 min. I only make pH adjustments early in the mash like right away. I use phosphoric acid and try to shoot for 5.3 I've noticed that on my system mash pH slowly drops over the 60-90 min mash and if I can start out early below 5.4 I'm happy