Not sure why you'd use sorghum syrup in a normal all-grain stout--it does have its own taste, but the roasted grains in stouts tend to overwhelm the subtlety. I brewed a GF saison that included a good portion of sorghum syrup, and I know that in GF beers, people describe sorghum as having a "twang" that you can detect especially right when you first sip and on the finish. So I'm guessing it just added a little bit of complexity to this recipe. In my judgment, you can almost certainly sub any normal base malt and have minimal effect on the overall recipe. If you want a little complexity, you could use rye instead--not that the flavors are so similar, but it'll give you a little complexity of a different sort.
I would not, however, use sugar as a substitute. Sorghum is so good in GF beers because it has a lot of maltose and nourishes yeast well; in that way, it's like barley. Subbing in sugar will mess with your attenuation (since simple sugars will ferment almost 100%).