Back in the day monks wouldn't sell beer worldwide and most of it would have been consumed in house and locally. Pretty much the same for the majority of breweries.
Your house yeast would undergo selective pressure due to cropping by the brewers and would become better acclimatised to the environment, product and process within successful breweries. Unsuccessful ones would eventually stop making beer or would become successful ones. Beer recipes which through trial and error eventually produced better beer would have been ones with optimum mash pH and water profiles and successful breweries would focus on these beers. Knowledge would spread around the local area a little. Seasonal variation in weather would have effected some breweries more than others, but supply of ingredients also influenced what was brewed at different times of the year . All sorts of recipes which were brewed at different times of the year, often focused on harvest around July and the supply of malt and hops coming through over the following months to make the stronger beers as the temperature starts to come down which would have been sympathetic to the ambient temperature and ageing process in successful breweries, unsuccessful breweries again either stop making beer or become successful. Techniques such as lagering were developed and adopted by successful breweries required by law to brew beer only during the cooler months of the year such as bavarian brewers in the sixteenth century.
Edit. Oh yeah monks. They tended to have Abbeys. Not only did the physical characteristics of the buildings help, but they had the resources to invest in plant. I remember visiting a monetary brewery and the building for mashing and boiling was over three floors, gravity dropped the wort into the copper on the final floor and fermentation was underground, it was not cool in there, but it didn't need to be. A network of tunnels linked all the buildings on the estate, these were of various ages and periods due to expansion and various cellars contained the fermentation vessels. Storage for ageing the bigger beers were the coldest deepest areas. The tunnels had surface grates at various points which allowed some light in, but the design seemed to promote air flow bringing the warmer air up and out at tactical points.