First, sorry I read "when" as "where".
I would suggest you spend sometime reading this thread for your answers:
https://www.homebrewtalk.com/showthread.php?t=397219
I also apologize if I offended. My question wasn't a stab at your intelligence, but a valid one based on typical questions regarding "males" that are posted on this forum. I was simply wondering if you had a true male or something else that wouldn't produce pollen.
As far as science being ageless, true, but so is the process of researcher's bias influencing the results. Look at research into the optimal drying temperature of hops:
1891 - 86F ,Tommes
1938 - 104F, Zazvorkz-Zima
1958 - 104F, Kunz-Skladal
1963 - 140F, Bailey
2003 - 149F, Roßbauer
So what happened between 1958 and 1963 to radically change "optimal"...it was what they were optimizing for. Prior to 1960, they were thinking optimal quality. After that, it was economic optimization because big beer was asking for alpha's instead of oils. Alpha start to break down at 140F so that became the new optimum.
Now back to your paper. If you read the history of growing hops, it was traditional in Kent and elsewhere in Europe to plant males at the corners of the field to pollinate because that was the "best". It was in the US that some experimented with non-pollinated hops and decided they liked the flavor and stability in brewing chemistry better. 40+ years ago, the old world-new world battle over the proper way to grow hops was being waged and you kind of have to question what the bias of the researcher was at that time.
I'm not trying to blast you or anything. I'm just saying the history of growing hops has not been a straight line, consistent method nor has the definition of a "desirable" hop been consistent. I had a neighbor who's grandfather used to dry his hops by wrapping them in straw and warming them with composting horse manure to get the flavor he wanted. Not something I would care for but that was desirable back then. Or check out some of the growing manuals from the late 1800's where the research insisted that the hops needed to be tied to a pole using RED wool thread.
Anyway, one other question. Why focus on alpha anyway? There are plenty of high producing alpha hops out there. You don't need to try to enhance the alpha levels of your hops. Anyone can buy alpha. Most of the research today is and the holy grail is finding a new aroma hop that gives a beer a new and interesting flavor.