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Davis Grad + BS Chemistry here. I'm only 4.5 years late to the party on this one, but the krausen removal thing is something I've thought a lot about over the years, so here's what I have to add to the discussion. Per John Palmer; "A head of foamy krausen will form on top of the beer...

The short answer to this question is "not really". beer spoilage is almost always wort spoilage, meaning something went wrong at the beginning of fermentation and an undesirable organism amplified up along with, or often instead of, the desired yeast strain. These undesirables are mostly...

I was living in Davis, CA in 2006, and all that year I was hooked on Firestone Walker's Pale Ale. It wasn't called "31" back then, just Pale Ale. I've been back in Ohio since 2007 and we don't get much FW back here. My question for long-time FW fans is, is the "Pale Ale 31" the same beer...

Location: Dayton, Ohio (within city limits, east side) in mg/L: Total Hardness as CaCO3 152 Perm Alkalinity as CaCO3 6.6 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 86.4 NonCarb Hardness as CaCO3 65.5 Ca Hardness as CaCO3 64.2 Mg Hardness as CaCO3 87.6 Calcium 25.7 Magnesium...

when i saw it above, i assumed it meant "total hardness minerals", but i guess that's wrong. in the context of a water report i think it means trihalomethanes. i've never seen trihalomethanes ever discussed in brewing literature, not sure why joyceman called it out above. rereading his post...

hofmeister, Undergrad chemistry student and homebrewer here. Some thoughts on your questions: 1) BRITA FILTERS. Yes, Brita filters do indeed remove hardness from your tap water. I base this on a few hours of research online in which I evaluated several independent tests which were posted...

thanks CWI. after thinking about your assessment of med cylinders and the backpressure being overwhelmed, i'm inclined to agree with you. very interesting about the O2 bubble physics. there's alot about gas/liquid interfaces that's counterintuitive. if you ever dig up that paper, please fwd.

Clarification: CO2 is sold in pounds, but O2 is sold in cubic feet. this is because CO2 liquifies in the bottle, but O2 does not. now, in the big bulk tanks that the distributor uses to store O2, it *does* liquify. but not in the tank sizes sold to the end consumer. so actually you won't...

yes, agree, 0.5 micron should in theory perform better. stay tuned!

i like the time unit-per-point of grav idea. hadn't thought of that. as long as you're seeing vigorous ferments and good attenuation, it's all good. and i suspect you're right about smaller bubbles being more efficient. makes sense.

CORRECTION: i just noticed that i had read my new gauge wrong. it wasn't 13.5 psi, it was 13.5 kPa, which is 1.958 psi. sorry everybody! so it was 3 min @ 2 psi/13.5 kPa thru a 2 micron diffusion stone into a five gallon bucket at 68 degrees F that gave me my 12 ppm DO. hopefully everyone...

daytrippr, i think you misunderstood. i was referring to the medical oxy regulators which have a selector switch for Liters/Min. these regulators do not actually have a volumetric flowmeter in them, they have simply been calibrated to select a certain psi which, during their normal usage of...

so if anybody out there has a DO meter, a flowmeter*, and lots of time and a fresh 20cf tank fill of O2 to burn, here are the tests we'd all like to see. --2 micron vs. 0.5 micron diffusion stone --DO rates at different OG's --time versus flowrate combinations, which is most efficient...

gavagai, you're basically asking the central question, how to judge volumetric flowrates. unfortunately, there are too many moving parts to be able to even qualitatively say what 1 lpm vs 3 lpm looks like, in terms of bubbles formed, foam formed on top, etc. the only way to be sure is to pick...

yesterday i finally got to do a properly controlled experiment to confirm for my own little nerdy self the DO levels from shaking vs. injecting pure O2. purchased 20 cubic foot O2 cylinder from local welding supply, it's roughly the same size as a 5 lb CO2 cylinder. also purchased regulator...

awesome real-world data collection Wottaguy, many thanks! i have one question tho: could you please tell us what size/micron rating your airstone is, maybe even post a link to a pic of the model you use. if i were to duplicate your methods and aerate for the exact same time interval, but with...

Probrewer here. BioBeing is correct, and he makes the important distinction about extract vs all grain. if extract then you can easily calculate an accurate OG later by simply knowing the recipe. the only assumption this makes is that you're not SO newbie that you didn't warm up the can of...

how did you get the keg so shiny-bright?